連接器的基本性能

（the basic functions of connectors）

連接器的基本性能可分為三大類：即機械性能、電氣性能和環境性能。

（Connectors have three basic functions that is mechanical properties, electric properties and environmental properties.）

1. 機械性能就連接功能而言，插拔力是重要地機械性能。插拔力分為[敏感詞]力和拔出力（拔出力亦稱分離力），兩者的要求是不同的。在有關標準中有[敏感詞][敏感詞]力和小分離力規定，這表明，從使用角度來看，[敏感詞]力要小（從而有低[敏感詞]力LIF和無[敏感詞]力ZIF的結構），而分離力若太小，則會影響接觸的可靠性。

（With regard to connectivity, Insertion and withdrawal force are very important mechanical properties. As far as the use is concerned, the insertion force should be small, so we have LIF and ZIF. On the contrary, if the withdrawal force were too small, it would weaken the contacts.）

另一個重要的機械性能是連接器的機械壽命。機械壽命實際上是一種耐久性（durability）指標，在國標GB5095中把它叫作機械操作。它是以一次[敏感詞]和一次拔出為一個循環，以在規定的插拔循環后連接器能否正常完成其連接功能（如接觸電阻值）作為評判依據。

（Another mechanical property is the mechanical endurance of connector. In fact, mechanical endurance is a kind of durability index, which is called mechanized operation in GB5095. Each insertion and withdraw is a circle. The basis for the judgment is whether connector are able to complete the connectivity after a circle of insertion and withdrawal forces.）

連接器的插拔力和機械壽命與接觸件結構（正壓力大小）接觸部位鍍層質量（滑動摩擦系數）以及接觸件排列尺寸精度（對準度）有關。

（The insertion and withdrawal force  and mechanical endurance of connector is related to the structure of contacts, the quality of the contacts’ coating and the Size precision of the contacts.）

2．電氣性能（electric property）

2.電氣性能主要包括接觸電阻、絕緣電阻、電流和抗電強度

（Electric property mainly consists of contact resistance, insulation resistance, and dielectric strength.）

① 接觸電阻：高質量的電連接器應當具有低而穩定的接觸電阻。連接器的接觸電阻從幾毫歐到數十毫歐不等。

（The high quality connector is of low and stable contact resistance. Contact resistance ranges from one milliohm to tens of milliohm.）

② 絕緣電阻：衡量電連接器接觸件之間和接觸件與外殼之間絕緣性能的指標，其數量級為數百兆歐至數千兆歐不等。

（Insulation resistance is used to measure insulating properties between contacts and jackets, which ranges from hundreds of megohm to thousands of megohm.）

③抗電強度或稱耐電壓：表征連接器接觸件之間或接觸件與外殼之間耐受額定試驗電壓的能力，取決于電路間的間隙(即接觸件間距合爬電距離)及連接器中所采用的絕緣材料。

（Dielectric strength explains the tolerance of rated voltage between contacts and jackets, which depends on the circuit gap and the insulating material used.）

④電流：受電連接器及其端接的導線所限制。

（Electric current is influenced by the  n connector and wire at the terminal.）

對射頻同軸連接器而言，還有特性阻抗、[敏感詞]損耗、反射系數、電壓駐波比(VSWR)等電氣指標。由于數字技術的發展，為了連接和傳輸高速數字脈沖信號，出現了一類新型的連接器即高速信號連接器，相應地，在電氣性能方面，除特性阻抗外，還出現了一些新的電氣指標，如串擾(crosstalk)，傳輸延遲(delay)、時滯(skew)等。

（As for RF coaxial connector, there are characteristic impedance , insertion loss, reflection coefficient, voltage standing-wave ratio and other electric index. With the development of digital technique, there comes out a new kind of high speed signal connector connecting and sending high speed digital pulse signal. At the same time, there comes out some new electric index such as cross-talk, delay, skew and so on.）

3.環境性能（environmental properties）

常見的環境性能包括耐溫、耐濕、耐鹽霧腐蝕等。

（Common environmental properties consist of thermostability, moisture-proof and Salt corrosion Resistance  .）